Provide definitions for ingroup, outgroup, and reference group, and describe the significance of these concepts in everyday life
What will be an ideal response?
All groups set boundaries by distinguishing between insiders who are members and
outsiders who are not. An ingroup is a group to which a person belongs and with which
the person feels a sense of identity. An outgroup is a group to which a person does not
belong and toward which the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.
Ingroups provide us not only with a source of identity but also with a point of
reference. A reference group is a group that strongly influences a person's behavior
and social attitudes, regardless of whether that individual is an actual member.
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At the heart of the conflict between phenomenologists and positivists is
a) different philosophical views of humanity. b) different views on the punishment of deviants. c) whether deviance is a primary or secondary phenomenon. d) whether sociology should even study immoral behavior like deviance.
Holland's personality-type theory proposes that people choose occupations to optimize the fit between their individual traits and their occupational interests.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
In what type of interview does the investigator ask a list of questions, but is free to vary them or make up new questions on topics that take on importance during the course of the interview?
a. a structured interview b. an open-ended interview c. an invalid experiment d. a participant observation e. subject to interviewer bias
According to Domhoff, individuals who are linked to the social upper class, the corporate community, and the policy-formation organizations that influence government policy are referred to as the ______.
A. middle class B. power elite C. bourgeoisie D. proletariat