Long-term use of external catheters can lead to which complication(s)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Fungal skin infections
b. Penile skin maceration
c. Atrophy
d. Edema
e. Phimosis
A, B, D, E
Long-term use of external catheters can lead to fungal skin infections, penile skin maceration, edema, fissures, contact burns from urea, phimosis, UTIs, and septicemia. The catheter should be removed and replaced daily and the penis cleaned, dried, and aired to prevent irritation, macera-tion, and the development of pressure ulcers and skin breakdown. If the catheter is not sized ap-propriately and applied and monitored correctly, then strangulation of the penile shaft can occur. Atrophy has not been identified as a complication.
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