To estimate a causal effect of X on Y, researchers sometimes look for a(n) ____ variable that produces variation in X but does not directly influence Y.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).


instrumental

Political Science

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A sudden military takeover of the government is referred to as a:

A. military coup B. reform coup C. palace coup D. executive coup

Political Science

A major change in the social composition of parliament has been the increasing representation of

a. women. b. the poor. c. the middle caste. d. Muslims. e. urban dwellers

Political Science

A tax levied on the manufacture, transportation, sale, or consumption of a particular item or set of related items is known as a

a) sales tax. b) severance tax. c) excise tax. d) franchise tax. e) benefits-received tax.

Political Science

The most expensive undertaking of state and local governments is

a. highways. b. education. c. national defense. d. welfare.

Political Science