When plants grow too close together a shade avoidance effect occurs in their canopy. What is the shade avoidance effect and what causes it?

What will be an ideal response?


The upper layer of leaves absorb 85-90 percent of PAR light striking
them and very little far-red light. Non-absorbed light is reflected or transmitted to
lower leaves in the canopy. Therefore, leaves inside the canopy are exposed to a
high level of far-red, but low level of red light. The proportionately high level of
far-red light to red light causes the shade avoidance effect. These plants respond
with longer stem internodes, smaller leaf area, and reduced branching.

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a. Average voltage across the load b. Conduction period in degrees

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What will be an ideal response?

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