When a variable’s name is placed in the call statement, is it a call by value (i.e., is a copy of the variable’s data being passed) or a call by reference (i.e. the address being passed)? Hint: this is a trick question.

What will be an ideal response?


You must see the function’s prototype statement to know if the call is a call by value (i.e., copy) or call by reference. There is no way to tell this just by looking at the call statement.

Computer Science & Information Technology

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Log User Access

Another important type of log relates to user access. Having records of user logins is crucial for trou- bleshooting and traffic analysis. Cisco IOS supports Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA). With AAA, it is possible not only to delegate the user validation task to an external server but also to log activities. TACACS+ is a protocol designed to allow remote authentication through a centralized server. Packet Tracer offers basic AAA and TACACS+ support. R2 is also configured as a TACACS+ server. R2 will ask the server if that user is valid by verifying username and password, and grant or deny access based on the response. The server stores user credentials and is also able to log user login transactions. Follow the steps below to log in to R2 and display the log entries related to that login:

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Which of the following best characterizes OSPF's Area 0?

A) Inverse mask bits B) Route selection bits C) Used to hide data packets D) Root or the backbone for the network

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Which of the following is the log file where Dandified YUM writes its log entries?

A. dnf.log B. dyum.log C. dnf.rpm.log D. yumd.log

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The __________ chip family was the precursor to the x64 architecture that has become the standard for most laptop and desktop computers.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Computer Science & Information Technology