How does Helicobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers?
A) Fimbriae enable to bacteria to penetrate the mucosa and bind to the epithelial lining of the stomach where toxins are released that bind and destroy epithelial cells.
B) The glycocalyx protects the bacteria from stomach acid as the bacteria enters a susceptible host and binds to an area of epithelial cells in the stomach with thin mucosa where toxins cause further damage and allow entry.
C) Polar flagella help bacteria burrow into mucosal lining to escape stomach acid, where enzymes decrease the acidity around them, and they release a toxin to kill host cells.
D) Peritrichous flagella help the bacteria squeeze through the mucosal lining to avoid stomach acid, where cytokine imposters are released which attract B cells and cause the immune response to destroy the epithelial lining of the stomach.
E) Bacterial capsules allow the bacteria to survive in the acidic lumen of the stomach as it releases toxins that bind to and destroy the epithelial lining of the stomach.
Answer: C
You might also like to view...
The mosaic effect of X inactivation in calico cat fur can be observed in
a. skin color only. b. hair color only. c. fingernails only. d. the location of sweat glands. e. all its tissues.
Which of the following is associated with sexual reproduction?
A) fission, only B) fragmentation, only C) budding, only D) None of these are associated with sexual reproduction.
A 25-year-old woman is in early labor. After delivering the baby (by a normal vaginal delivery), the patient asks the doctor about some symptoms she had during pregnancy, including discharge and painful urination. She has a history of multiple sex
partners and very rarely used condoms. You suspect a potential STD is the cause. The biggest risk at this point is ________. A) There is no major risk at this point. B) to the baby; he or she can be infected while moving through the birth canal C) to the mother; she may become infertile D) to the mother; an untreated STD is almost always fatal
Which of the following would play a direct role in coordinating the response of clinical laboratories to a potential bioterrorism incident?
A. State Police B. CDC C. APHLÂ (Association of Public Health Laboratories) D. CDC and APHL E. FBI F. All of the choices are correct.