Psychologists distinguish between criterion-referenced and norm-referenced scores
a. Explain the difference between these two types of scores.
b. Describe a situation in which criterion-referenced scores would clearly be more appropriate, and why.
c. Describe a situation in which norm-referenced scores would clearly be more appropriate, and why.
Answers to the separate parts of the question are as follows:
a. Criterion-referenced scores indicate what and how much students have learned relative to specific objectives or standards. Norm-referenced scores indicate how students have performed in comparison with their peers.
b. The response should describe a situation in which it is important to know exactly what students do and do not know (e.g., giving a pretest to determine where to begin instruction, assessing learning in a mastery situation).
c. The response should describe a situation in which students must be compared to one another
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