To care adequately for infants at risk for neonatal bacterial infection, nurses should be aware that:
a. Congenital infection progresses more slowly than does nosocomial infection.
b. Nosocomial infection can be prevented by effective handwashing; early-onset infections cannot.
c. Infections occur with about the same frequency in boy and girl infants, although female mortality is higher.
d. The clinical sign of a rapid, high fever makes infection easier to diagnose.
ANS: B
Handwashing is an effective preventive measure for late-onset (nosocomial) infections because these infections come from the environment around the infant. Early-onset, or congenital, infections are caused by the normal flora at the maternal vaginal tract and progress more rapidly than do nosocomial (late-onset) infections. Infection occurs about twice as often in boys and results in higher mortality. Clinical signs of neonatal infection are nonspecific and are similar to those of noninfectious problems, thus making diagnosis difficult.
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