In osmoregulators such as mammals
a. the osmotic balance between the ECF and the ICF is carefully monitored and controlled by the kidneys.
b. cells will lose water if the ECF becomes hypertonic.
c. some cells exhibit RVI (regulatory volume increase) as a way of compensating water loss when the ECF becomes hypertonic.
d. the ICF is influenced by changes in the ECF.
e. all of these.
E
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When outdoor temperatures reached a ten-year high, the mountain hiker appeared flushed. Which action made her blood vessels get larger in diameter, allowing her to lose heat to the environment?
A. Vasomotor B. Vasodilation C. Vasoconstriction D. Vasopressor
Aldosterone release can be triggered by the presence of the blood-borne messenger angiotensin II or by low levels of sodium, and so its secretion regulation is said to be
A. purely neural. B. both hormonal and humoral. C. both antagonistic and synergistic. D. both neural and synergistic. E. purely hormonal.
Which type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?
A. Receptor proteins B. Channel protein C. Marker molecules D. Carrier proteins E. Enzymes
Of the descriptions given, which is consistent with an abnormal blood smear?
A) Eosinophils outnumbered lymphocytes. B) Neutrophils and lymphocytes were commonly found. C) More red than white blood cells were observed. D) Monocytes were observed but not common.