To demonstrate evolution by natural selection, all of the following conditions must be satisfied EXCEPT

a) variation for a trait
b) heritability of a trait
c) differential reproductive success
d) low environmental variation
e) all of the above are necessary for evolution by natural selection


Answer: d) low environmental variation

Biology & Microbiology

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If no introns remain in the final transcript but all exons do, what will be the final length of this mRNA shown in the illustration?



a. 485bp
b. 200bp
c. 280bp
d. 20bp

Biology & Microbiology

Sidney Brenner proved that the triplet code is, in fact, nonoverlapping. Assuming a nonoverlapping code, how many complete codons would the following sequence encode before encountering a stop codon? 5? - AUGCGAUUAUAGUGC - 3?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following would likely be the most difficult to kill if you were you to can your own food?

A) streptococci B) endospores C) biofilms D) staphylococci

Biology & Microbiology

Viruses are most closely related, in that they share a common ancestor, to which domain of life?

a. bacteria b. Viruses are not considered to be part of the tree of life. c. archaea

Biology & Microbiology