Describe the process that permits a cyclist or other endurance athlete to continue to exercise even when he or she cannot take in sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain's continued generation of ATP
When endurance athletes cannot take in enough oxygen to meet the body's demands for the large amounts of oxygen needed to produce ATP via the electron transport chain, pyruvate remains in the cytoplasm and is converted to lactate. Lactate is then released into the blood and taken up by the liver, where it is converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis. The glucose that is formed from pyruvate can then undergo glycolysis. This sequence of chemical reactions, called the Cori cycle, provides a means by which small amounts of ATP can be produced in the relative absence of oxygen. Because very little ATP is actually produced, the Cori cycle cannot sustain vigorous physical activity for very long before the muscle begins to fatigue.
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