The nurse is caring for a healthy patient who has a serum glucose level of 60 mg/dL. The nurse anticipates which counterregulatory serum hormonal changes to occur in this patient?
Select all that apply.
1. increased epinephrine levels
2. increased growth hormone levels
3. increased insulin levels
4. decreased thyroxine levels
5. decreased glucocorticoid levels
Correct Answer: 1, 2
If blood glucose falls, glucagon is released to raise hepatic glucose output, raising glucose levels. Epinephrine, growth hormone, thyroxine, and glucocorticoids (often referred to as glucose counterregulatory hormones) also stimulate an increase in glucose in times of hypoglycemia, stress, growth, or increased metabolic demand. Insulin is not released as a counterregulatory hormone. Thyroxine and glucocorticoids levels would increase with hypoglycemia.
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