Define android obesity and gynoid obesity. Which is a better predictor of increased risk for disease?
Android obesity is seen in individuals who tend to store fat in the trunk or abdominal area (which produces the "apple" shape). Gynoid obesity is seen in people who store fat primarily around the hips and thighs (which creates the "pear" shape). Obese individuals with abdominal fat are clearly at higher risk for heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes ("noninsulin-dependent" diabetes), stroke, some types of cancer, kidney disease, dementia, migraines, and diminished lung function than are obese individuals with similar amounts of body fat that is stored primarily in the hips and thighs. Evidence also indicates that, among individuals with a lot of abdominal fat, those whose fat deposits are located around internal organs (intra-abdominal or abdominal visceral fat) rather than subcutaneously or retroperitoneally have an even greater risk for disease than those with fat mainly just beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat).?
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Recent studies indicate that sperm counts worldwide have dropped dramatically. One reason for this decrease might be
A. an increase in toxic substances in the environment. B. changes in clothing styles. C. more men waiting until their thirties to have children. D. a decrease in the use of chemicals that mimic hormones.
When a client with a history of asthma takes a walk outside on a windy day with high pollen counts, she may experience an asthma attack, resulting in an increase in respiration rate and wheezing
The body's response is likely related to which pathophysiological principle? A) Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation resulting in airway constriction B) Release of catecholamines causing blood vessel constriction C) Influx of macrophages to wall of the pollen, thereby stopping the attack D) Inhibition of glandular secretions, which causes build up of mucus in the lungs
The body makes antibodies against its own myelin in the diseases of ________ and ________
A) carpal tunnel syndrome, Bell's palsy B) neural tube defect, meningitis C) Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis D) paraplegia, quadriplegia
A neurogenic bladder may be caused by:
A) a stroke. B) a tumor. C) a spinal cord accident. D) all of the above.