A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease. Which description is correct?
a. Alzheimer's disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.
b. Alzheimer's disease is caused by decreased amounts of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.
c. Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.
d. Parkinson's disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine.
ANS: C
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) caused by an unexplained degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons allowing the excitatory response of acetylcholine to exceed the inhibitory response of dopamine. Alzheimer's disease (AD) may result from decreased ACh, degeneration of cholinergic neurons, and neuritic plaques. Dopamine does not appear to play a role in Alzheimer's disease.
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The husband of a patient who has been diagnosed with severe dissociative disorder asks the nurse if he is in any way at fault for his wife's illness. He states their relationship is mutually supportive, and no trauma has recently occurred
Which response would be most therapeutic and best illustrates our current understanding of the etiology of such disorders? a. "We think the disorder is caused by trauma or abuse early in life. You seem very concerned about your wife; we could talk about your concerns if you like.". b. "I doubt there is anything you could have done that made it worse or could do to make it better, because we think it is primarily a genetic disorder you are born with.". c. "These disorders arise from within the person; they are just something the rest of us have to be supportive about until they get better on their own.". d. "These conditions are understandably frustrating; it's hard to imagine why a person would put their loved ones through what they do.".
The family of a client who experienced severe head trauma asks the nurse how the client can be dead if the heart is still beating and a ventilator is helping the client breathe. How should the nurse respond to this family?
1. As long as the heart is beating, the client is alive. 2. Brain death occurs when there is a flat encephalogram. 3. The client is considered to have died because he is not breathing on his own. 4. The physician most likely has made an error.
The cost of a new or upgraded system can be burdensome on an organization from a budgetary perspective. Which of the following statements can be considered a return on investment?
1. Employees express satisfaction with their jobs and turnover rate is low. 2. Staff with IT skills is more marketable and have greater job flexibility. 3. The newly trained individual can be granted work release time to train new staff members. 4. After the training, the objectives have not been met.