Identify Schrag’s basic assumptions of labeling theory.
What will be an ideal response?
A strong answer will identify the following:
• No act is intrinsically criminal.
• Criminal definitions are enforced in the interests of the powerful.
• A person does not become a criminal by violation of the law but only by the designation of criminality by authorities.
• Due to the fact that everyone both conforms and deviates, people should not be dichotomized into criminal and noncriminal categories.
• The act of getting caught begins the labeling process.
• Getting caught and decision-making in the criminal justice system are a function of the offender as opposed to offense characteristics.
• Age, socioeconomic class, and race are the major offender characteristics that establish patterns of differential criminal justice decision-making.
• Labeling is a process that eventually produces identification with a deviant image and subculture and a resulting “rejection of the rejecters.”
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According to the text, which of the following is true?
a. The need for formal social control has diminished in modern times b. The opportunities for white collar crime were greater in traditional societies c. Informal social control is less effective in traditional than in modern societies d. Many of the worst white collar crimes were committed by the powerful who didnot have incentives to impose formal controls on their own predatory practices
A treatment program emphasizing job training is based on the reintegration model
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Canvassing the area surrounding the location of the robbery must be the last priority in a robbery investigation
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Studies have revealed that worker reactions to management controls and the work environment in many occupations have changed little in the last half century
Such studies have consistently shown that employee dissatisfaction and grievances arise from factors that can be broadly categorized into four areas. Which of the following is not one of those areas? a. Failure to mentor properly b. The work environment c. Misunderstandings about policies and procedures of the organization d. Management failures of various types