Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. For current-generation hydronic heating systems, the controlled variable is usually indoor air temperature.
2. Most of the closed-loop control systems used for hydronic heating continually seek to eliminate any error that exists between the target value and measured value of the controlled variable.
3. Heat output from the heat emitter occurs whenever the supply water temperature equals the room air temperature.
4. The combination of near-continuous circulation and very gradual changes in water temperature tends to maximize expansion noises from the distribution piping and heat emitters.
5. Most heat source reset controllers have an adjustable minimum supply temperature.


1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True

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