Public health and health promotion roles for nurses are components of nursing envisioned by which of the following nurse leaders?
1. Clara Barton
2. Lillian Wald
3. Mary Brewster
4. Florence Nightingale
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale: Florence Nightingale's vision of nursing included public health and health promotion roles for nurses, but it was only partly addressed in the early days of nursing. Her focus tended to be on developing the profession within the hospitals. Clara Barton is noted for establishing the American Red Cross. She persuaded Congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva in 1882 so that the Red Cross could perform humanitarian efforts in times of peace. Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She and Mary Brewster were the first to offer trained nursing services to the poor in the New York slums and developed the Visiting Nurse Service, along with the Henry Street Settlement.
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