As your textbook discusses, a statistician
once discovered that in one of the United States there was a negative correlation between the number of Ph.Ds granted and the number of mules in that state. The fact that you cannot then state that the number of Ph.Ds conferred causes the mule population to decrease demonstrates which principle of critical thinking?
A) Correlation vs. causation
B) Extraordinary claims
Incorrect. It is indeed extraordinary to believe that the number of mules in a state would be related to the number of Ph.Ds that are conferred, but this question demonstrates the problem of correlation versus causation.
C) Ruling out rival hypotheses
D) Falsifiability
Answer: A
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The risk for developing neurocognitive disorder is influenced by all of the following psychological or social factors except
a. cigarette smoking b. participation in sports such as boxing c. personality traits such as extroversion d. level of formal education
The Wonderlic Personnel Test is based on the
a. Porteus Maze Test. b. Otis Self-Administering Tests of Mental Ability. c. General Aptitude Test. d. Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test.
Cognitive processing therapy was developed by Patricia Resick as an adaptation of cognitive therapy for treating
a. personality disorders. b. severe depression. c. trauma and stress disorders. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Exposure therapy depends on the underlying processes of habituation and response extinction. 2. Imaginary exposure to feared stimuli is just as effective of an exposure technique as real-life exposure. 3. Exposure therapy is often used to treat major depressive disorders. 4. Exposure therapy usually begins by exposing clients to an intensely feared stimulus and then blocking their attempts to escape. 5. Behaviour therapy can be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.