How does the urinary tract provide an environment that protects the body from pathogenic invasion and infection?
A. Gastric enzymes, absorbed systemically and cleared by the kidneys, destroy mi-croorganisms.
B. Antibodies produced by kidney cells cause microorganisms to precipitate in urine and be flushed away.
C. Ciliated mucous membrane of the urethra ensures urine flow away from the tract.
D. Low urine pH discourages growth of most microorganisms.
D
The low pH of urine maintains a sterile environment, although certain microorganisms, such as E. coli, thrive in an acid medium.
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The nurse receives a hand-off report. One client is described as a drug seeker who is obsessed with even tiny changes in physical condition and is "on the light constantly" asking for more pain medication. When assessing this client's pain, what statement
a. "Help me understand how pain is affecting you right now." b. "I wish I could do more; is there anything I can get for you?" c. "You cannot have more pain medication for 3 hours." d. "Why do you think the medication is not helping your pain?"
An adolescent is brought into the emergency department (ED) with injuries sustained from a motor vehicle crash. What should the nurse ensure while caring for this client?
A) An adequate urine output B) Stable blood pressure C) Stabilization of the neck and spinal cord D) Intravenous access line
When counseling a 13-year-old, the nurse must consider the teen's cognitive development. Which developmental behavior is characteristic of this age?
a. Understands complex problems b. Focuses on the present situation c. Makes plans logically d. Is considerate of the needs of others
The nurse ensures that a patient is covered during a bath. In which nursing role is the nurse functioning?
1. Caregiver 2. Communicator 3. Teacher 4. Client advocate