Which of the following define successful application of noninvasive ventilation (NIV)? 1. Overall improvement of patient's blood gas 2. Normal blood gas 3. PaO2 increased 4. PaCO2 decreased
a. 1 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
ANS: D
Successful application of NIV is easy to define: the patient's blood gases improve, PaCO2 de-creases, and pH normalizes, while PaO2 increases.
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