A patient reports that he was climbing Mount Hood and noted an increase in the depth of his respirations. This physical examination finding is called
a. apneustic respirations. c. air trapping.
b. Biot's respirations. d. hyperpnea.
D
Hyperpnea is an exaggerated deep, rapid, or labored respiration that occurs with any condition in which the supply of oxygen is inadequate. Patients who go into high-altitude regions will become hyperpneic because of the decreased partial pressure of oxygen. Deep breaths and tachypnea represent an attempt to supply the oxygen needs of the body. Apneustic respirations are characterized by a prolonged gasping during inspiration followed by a very short, inefficient expiration. This disorder can be caused by injury to the upper portion of the pons. In Biot's respirations, there is no identifiable pattern to the respiratory cycle. There is the absence of a crescendo and decrescendo pattern. Deep and shallow breaths occur at random intervals interspersed with short and long pauses. Periods of apnea can be long and frequent. Air trapping is an abnormal respiratory pattern with rapid, shallow respirations and forced expiration.
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A) "Heart failure can be caused by atherosclerotic plaque due to high-fat diets." B) "Hypothyroidism will result in decreased heart rate and development of heart failure." C) "The administration of diuretics decreases blood volume, causing symptoms to develop." D) "The use of digoxin (Lanoxin) will slow heart rate to cause congestive heart failure."
Diagnosis of an aneurysm is usually made on the basis of the patient's
A) cerebral angiogram. B) physical examination. C) CT scan. D) All of the above are correct.
A nurse is caring for a client admitted with tachycardia, a pericardial friction rub, and the development of a new murmur. Which element of the client's history would lead the nurse to suspect this client has rheumatic carditis?
A. The client was vacationing in the tropics 2 weeks ago. B. The client has had a sore throat for 1 week. C. The client is currently taking antibiotics. D. The client has a history of alcoholism.
What is the best color for nurses to select when designing educational materials for older adults?
a. Blue b. Yellow c. Violet d. Green