How is alveolar gas exchange affected by emphysema and pneumonia?
What will be an ideal response
With pneumonia, if the lungs become edematous, the thickness of the exchange membrane may increase dramatically, restricting gas exchange, and body tissues begin to suffer from hypoxia. With emphysema, the lungs become progressively less elastic and more fibrous, which hinders both inspiration and expiration. Gas exchange remains adequate initially, but muscular activity must be enlisted to expire. Additionally, a symptom of emphysema is fusion of alveoli, resulting in less surface area for gas exchange.
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A. Isovolumetric contraction B. Ventricular ejection C. Isovolumetric relaxation D. Atrial contraction and ventricular filling E. Late ventricular diastole
The symptoms of ____ are caused by progressive demyelination of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
a. multiple sclerosis b. epilepsy c. encephalitis d. meningitis
When chemically-gated Na+ channels open
a. the membrane hyperpolarizes. b. the membrane repolarizes. c. the membrane depolarizes. d. the membrane becomes more negative. e. the membrane is inhibited.
Telomeres serve to ________.
A. cap the ends of DNA and protect it from damage B. cause replication of genes C. break DNA and cause it to degrade D. increase apoptosis