S.M. returns in 8 months to report that his symptoms are worse than ever. He has tried several different
medications, but medication management failed and he is told that surgical intervention is necessary.
What surgical options are available to S.M.? Name at least three.
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): The physician uses a monopolar instrument to enter
the urethra and core the prostate. The area is then cauterized to stop the bleeding. This procedure
requires inpatient hospitalization because of the increased chance of bleeding. An indwelling
catheter is placed overnight or longer as needed.
Laser prostatectomy: Various techniques that use a laser beam that cores the prostate and cauterizes
as the procedure is done, thereby decreasing the chances of bleeding. It is an outpatient
procedure.
Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT): Intense heat is transferred to the prostate through
a urethral probe. This procedure is usually an outpatient procedure. Patients might experience
an irritative voiding pattern (frequency) for months after the procedure. There is no tissue to
examine for pathology after this procedure; thus, if the person has prostate cancer and BPH, the
prostate cancer might go undetected.
Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA): A needle is placed into the prostate and prostate tissue is
ablated. Again, there is no tissue to examine for pathology after this procedure. It is an outpatient
procedure and can be done in situations in which surgery is needed but the person might not
tolerate a more extensive surgery such as TURP.
Open prostatectomy: Removal of the prostate gland, used only when the prostate gland is very large.
Requires an external incision.
Transurethral urethral stents: Self-expandable metallic stents (tubes) are inserted into the urethral up
to the area of prostatic enlargement.
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A) Ideational theories B) Materialistic theories C) Substantive theories D) Preexisting theories
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The nurse wishes to demonstrate to a new family their infant's individuality. Which assessment tool would be most appropriate for the nurse to use?
A. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale B. Ballard Maturity Scale C. Dubowitz Gestational Age Scale D. Ortolani maneuver