A 54-year-old patient has a productive cough and has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day since age 18. The patients feet and ankles are swollen, the patient cannot lay flat in bed and my sleep on three pillows. On physical exam, the patient has JVD, breath sounds reveal generalized wheezing, Skin is warm and dry with dusky nail beds, and spo2 88% on RA. Which of these is most likely the cause of JVD and edema in this patient?
A) Right ventricular failure
B) Left ventricular failure
C) Renal insufficiency
D) Pulmonary edema
Answer: A) Right ventricular failure
Health Professions
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