Distinguish between DRO, DRI/DRA, and DRL
What will be an ideal response?
DRO is used to reinforce for the absence of the target behavior for a period of time (e.g., 5 minutes); in fact you reinforce all other behaviors except the target behavior
DRI/DRA is used to reinforce a specific appropriate replacement behavior for an inappropriate target behavior; the researcher ensures the individual receives reinforcement for the appropriate response and is redirected or otherwise intervened with when the inappropriate response occurs
DRL is typically used to reinforce an appropriate target behavior that occurs too frequently (e.g., getting a drink of water); it may also be used to gradually reduce an inappropriate behavior to either acceptable levels or to a zero rate (e.g., disrupting a group therapy session)
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Self-efficacy is assessed in terms of which of the following??
a. ?Level b. ?Generality c. ?Strength across activities and contexts d. ?All of these
The teacher who MOST nearly used a guided discovery approach to instruction was:
Four teachers are teaching the concepts of adjective and adverb phrases to their language arts students. Mrs. Martinez presents a two paragraph passage which contains three underlined adjective phrases and three italicized adverb phrases. The class discusses the common features of the phrases, what they modify, and they arrive at a description of adjective and adverb phrases. The students then write a paragraph containing at least one adjective and one adverb phrase. Mr. Johnson displays several sentences—some of which contain adjective phrases and others of which contain adverb phrases—on the overhead. He points out the adjective phrases, underlines them, and points to the noun they modify. He does essentially the same thing with the sentences containing the adverb phrases. He then gives the students several sentences for practice, directing them to underline the phrase in each case, identify it as an adjective or adverb phrase and circle the word it modifies. Mr. Chu presents several sentences which contain underlined adjective phrases. He asks them to look for the word that each modifies and identify it as a noun or a verb. He then asks them what the phrases that modify nouns must be, and when no one answers he asks them what modifies nouns. They respond, "Adjectives," and he points out that these are adjective phrases. He does the same thing with adverb phrases, and he then has them work several exercises identifying the word the phrases modify in each case. Mrs. Evans presents a passage in which several examples of adjective and adverb phrases are embedded. She asks the students to describe the passages, and after they have made several observations, she underlines the adjective phrases, pointing out that they modify a noun in each case. She circles the noun they modify to be sure that the students focus on the relationship between the noun and the phrase. She then repeats the process with the adverb phrases. a. Mrs. Martinez. b. Mr. Johnson. c. Mr. Chu. d. Mrs. Evans.
Being bilingual puts a child at risk for a language disorder or delay
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
________ is the most frequently reported academic problem for those with learning disabilities, with estimates as high as 90%.
A. Speech B. Listening C. Mathematics D. Reading