What differentiates diagnostic techniques that employ phenotypic (culture-based) methods from those that employ molecular methods?
a. Phenotypic methods are highly sensitive and specific, while molecular methods are not.
b. Phenotypic methods examine the growth behavior of a microorganism and the pro-teins, enzymes, or toxins produced, while molecular methods examine the genetic makeup.
c. Phenotypic methods are quantitative while molecular methods are not.
d. Phenotypic methods are not limited to de-tection of live organisms as are molecular methods.
B
Molecular methods involve the detection and manipulation of nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] and ribonucleic acid [RNA]) allowing microbial genes to be examined directly (i.e., genotypic methods) rather than by analysis of their products, such as enzymes, other proteins and toxins, or identifiable characteristics of organism growth (i.e., phenotypic methods).
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Hominins are
A. all forms of humans, extinct and extant. B. arboreal primates. C. the lesser apes. D. chimpanzees and gorillas.
Why do we have storage macromolecules, such as fats, in our bodies?
A. Macromolecules, such as fats, are a convenient way to store kinetic energy. B. We can break down these macromolecules to provide energy for the endergonic reactions in our bodies. C. Breaking down macromolecules, such as fats, is an endergonic process. D. Human cells can directly capture the energy of sunlight through photosynthesis and store it as macromolecules such as fats.
The ___________________ propelled flowering plants to an explosive adaptive radiation.
a. colonization of the Galápagos Islands b. mass extinction of fern-like plants c. colonization of land d. evolutionary innovation of the flower e. evolutionary innovation of the leaf
Anoxic oxidation of ammonia occurs within membrane-enclosed ________ compartments within cells
a. reaction center b. carboxysome c. heterocyst d. anammoxosome