Trace the path of expansion of Jihadist groups into Southeast Asia
What will be an ideal response?
• Zachary Abuza, in an analysis of terrorism in that region, says that jihadist groups began forming in Indonesia in the early 1990s.
• The International Crisis Group says these movements had their origins after World War II when Indonesia gained its independence from the Netherlands.
• Islamic associations became part of the political process, but they were suppressed by the government and the army in the name of nationalism.
• Abuza notes that new leadership gained power in 1998, and Islamic groups blossomed, asserting their independence.
• In 1999, fighting broke out between Christians and Muslims in the eastern islands, and militant Islamic groups grew.
• The political situation in Indonesia provided a climate for the growth of jihadist groups.
• According to Abuza, many of the members of jihadist movements had been trained in the mujahedeen camps of Afghanistan.
• Lashkar Jihad formed to fight Christians in the east. A more sinister group, Jamaat Islamiyya, formed with the purpose of placing Indonesia under strict Islamic law.
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