The red panda, a fox-like animal, once was classified as a type of bear, based on morphological characteristics. Which of the following statements is a reasonable deduction based on this phylogenetic classification of the red panda?
a. It means red pandas look like panda bears.
b. It means that DNA sequencing was used originally, but morphological evidence later showed otherwise.
c. It means that red pandas shared a recent common ancestor, or node, with foxes.
d. It means that red pandas are more closely related to raccoons than bears.
e. It shows that phylogenies are hypothetical, subject to revision and modification.
Ans: e. It shows that phylogenies are hypothetical, subject to revision and modification.
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What is the approximate minimum length of an mRNA molecule that encodes a protein with a molecular weight of 30,000? (The average molecular weight of an amino acid is 110)
A. 275 nucleotides B. 550 nucleotides C. 825 nucleotides D. 2,475 nucleotides
Many eukaryotes have a DNA glycosylase that specifically removes T residues from DNA when paired with G. Why is it better to repair the G-T pairing to G-C by removing the T than to remove the G and form an A-T pair?
A. G-C pairs can form three hydrogen bonds between them and are therefore stronger. B. Oxidative damage to guanine by alkylation is the most common reason for G-T pairs, so removal of the T will maintain the original G-C pair. C. T bases easily tautomerize into C bases, so removing the T will make sure the pair stays in its original form. D. G-C basepairs occur more frequently in cells. E. All of the choices provided are potential reasons.
The part of the top soil that is characterized by its spongy organic matter that is chemically complex and hard to break down is
A. topsoil. B. creosote. C. humus. D. clay. E. silt.
Sea urchin reproduction involves all of the following
EXCEPT a. producing enormous numbers of eggs. b. allocating large amounts of energy and resources to making each egg. c. producing very small eggs. d. producing eggs with minimal energy reserves. e. rapid development of self-feeding larva from fertilized eggs.