Why is the evolutionary origin of all eukaryotes no longer considered to be a simple evolution from a single Archaea species?
a. Archaea contain insufficient genetic material to explain eukaryotic evolution.
b. Fossil records provide evidence that Archaea evolved after eukaryotes.
c. Some eukaryotic genes share more similarity with Bacteria than Archaea.
d. Some eukaryotes contain mitochondria, which are invariably fatal to Archaea.
c. Some eukaryotic genes share more similarity with Bacteria than Archaea.
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________ is the oxidation-driven flow of electrons, through or within a membrane, from reduced coenzymes to an electron acceptor. It is usually accompanied by the generation of ATP.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Adhesins are
A. involved in the first step of the infectious process. B. often found at the tip of pili. C. found in flagella. D. endotoxins. E. involved in the first step of the infectious process AND often found at the tip of pili.
Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common phase of mitosis. Select the exception
a. chromosomes align at the spindle equator b. sister chromatids become individual chromosomes c. centromeres divide d. the chromosomes move apart e. spindle microtubules shorten, pulling chromosomes toward the poles
Studies of a soybean plant (Glycine max) and the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum have shown that after the bacteria enter the root, cells of the root cortex begin to divide. What is this a response to?
a. to a flavonoid released by soybean roots b. to nod gene products produced by soybean roots c. to nod gene products produced by the bacterium d. to nitrogen fixation by the bacterium