The speed of light in a material is 0.50c. What is the critical angle of a light ray at the interface between the material and a vacuum?

A) 30°
B) 21°
C) 24°
D) 27°


A

Physics & Space Science

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A condenser for a large refrigerator is a four-shell-eight-tube-pass heat exchanger. The condensing fluid is ammonia at 40ºC and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m^2?K. 10 kg/s of water at 5ºC, heated to 30ºC, is used to cool the ammonia. Determine the mass flow of ammonia if its heat of vaporization is 1102 kJ/kg and then determine the surface area of the heat exchanger.

What will be an ideal response?

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An “empty” steel barrel with its lid off has some gasoline remaining in the bottom, as shown. If the vapor pressure is 1 psia, estimate the evaporation rate of the gasoline and its vapor pressure half-way up in the barrel. Assume the mass diffusivity of gasoline into air is 0.0094 ft^2/s and assume that the vapor pressure of the gasoline is zero at the top.

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Being the ideal engine, the maximum COP of a Carnot cycle operated in reverse as a refrigerator is

A) (Th/Tc)(1 – Tc/Th)-1. B) 100. C) (1 – Tc/Th)-1. D) (Tc/Th) ? (1 – Tc/Th)-1.

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