The ABO blood types have ____ different genotypes
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 12
e. 16
B
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Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium
A. This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium-this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact. B. This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. C. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, secreting an exotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces large amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. D. The inflammatory reaction to the presence of this microbe causes the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. Therefore, it's technically the immune response that initiates the disease, although this response is induced by the presence of the microbe on the intestinal epithelium.
Precipitation tests involve all of the following, except
A.) they rely on formation of visible clumps for detection B.) they include the VDRL test for syphilis C.) they are often performed in agar gels D.) they can be done in a test tube by carefully adding antiserum over antigen solution E.) a cloudy or opaque zone developing where antigen and antibody react
The protein measured in the cells was likely synthesized by
A) mitochondria. B) the nucleolus. C) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. D) ribosomes.
On this phylogeny of Theridiidae spiders, shaded names indicate group-living species. Group living in this family has evolved:
a. once. c. nine times. b. three times. d. twelve times.