Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists

of alternating



a. amino acids.
b. nitrogen-containing bases.
c. hydrogen bonds.
d. sugar and phosphate molecules.
e. types of sugars


D

Biology & Microbiology

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Influenza pandemics occur cyclically because

A) less than 100% of the population is immunized. B) new strains emerge due to reassortment between bird, swine, and human variants. C) the vector is seasonal. D) there are environmental reservoirs that release the virus during particular seasons.

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In the United States, most newborns undergo a test for primary congenital hypothyroidism, a condition where people are unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. On a nationwide basis, this is an example of

A. genetic testing. B. genetic screening C. amniocentesis. D. preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

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The ________ secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate solution into the small intestine to aid digestion.

A. gallbladder B. pancreas C. spleen D. liver

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A finch species living in the Galapagos Islands feeds on small insects found in flower buds. Its bill is most likely

A. small and narrow. B. broad and powerful. C. mid-sized and very long. D. broad and sharp.

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