As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump ________ into the outer membrane compartment, setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force.
A. NADH
B. hydrogen ions
C. phosphate
D. ATP
E. oxygen
Answer: B
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Why is it a good strategy for a microbe to adhere to a receptor that plays a critical function for a host cell?
A. It ISN'T a good strategy-host cells could shift to a backup receptor and shut down production of the main receptor, preventing infection. B. If it's a receptor the cell MUST use, it doesn't have a backup system in place to switch to-so, even though it makes it susceptible to infection, it HAS to put that target out there. This benefits the microbe. C. Microbes need to evade detection and elimination by the immune system-if they adhere to a receptor that plays a critical function, they are less likely to trigger destructive immune responses. This would be similar to using a hostage as a shield in a police-standoff situation. D. It ISN'T a good strategy-by binding to receptors, microbes will be phagocytosed by cells and destroyed within them.
The letter "B" in the above figure represents
a. sclerenchyma fibers. b. parenchyma. c. xylem. d. epidermis. e. phloem.
The chaparral biome is characterized by grasses as high as 2 meters
____________________ Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Which essential macronutrient for plants is obtained directly from the air?
A) nitrogen B) magnesium C) hydrogen D) carbon