Define a token-economy model. Which approach to rehabilitation used this model? For which group is this model not recommended?
What will be an ideal response?
Token-economy model is a behavior modification approach used in the teaching-family home. Residents receive tokens or points for good behavior and then exchange these points for privileges, such as longer recreation time or a more desirable work assignment. Bad behavior results in loss of tokens and, consequently, the removal of privileges. However, it is often challenging to transfer the token-economy to a natural setting. The concept is usually not recommended for adolescents with serious mental health problems or for those who have been charged with or found to have committed serious offenses.
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A revolver fires a bullet and automatically reloads a cartridge (ammunition) each time the trigger is pulled
a. True b. False
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The United States maintained an extremely low rate of violence throughout its history, until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. 2. A mass murder is defined as the killing of several victims in three or more separate incidents over weeks, months, or even years. 3. Advancements in the medical field can have an impact on the homicide rate. 4. The United States has one of the highest homicide rates in the developed world. 5. Most authorities do not identify rape as a crime of violence
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Qualitative analysis focuses on numbers instead of texts. 2. Qualitative analysis involves both deductive and inductive reasoning. 3. If a researcher uncovers an anomalous finding, he or she should avoid mentioning it when discussing the results. 4. The authors encourage qualitative researchers to share preliminary results with others so that they can receive feedback. 5. In qualitative research, the collection of data and their analysis occur together. 6. No set standards exist for evaluating the validity or “authenticity” of conclusions in a qualitative study. 7. Comparing conclusions from a qualitative research project to those obtained by other researchers conducting similar projects can increase confidence in authenticity. 8. A researcher’s personal experiences could affect how he or she interprets events. 9. Replication increases the generalizability of qualitative research. 10. Ethnographic research is commonly carried out by a research team. 11. Ethnomethodologists focus on how individuals construct reality. 12. Qualitative comparative analysis combines elements of quantitative and qualitative analyses 13. The case-oriented understanding method attempts to understand a phenomenon from an objective reality. 14. A researcher should stop coding data when he or she has reached a predetermined arbitrary number of codes (e.g., 50 codes). 15. Some qualitative researchers embrace a positivistic perspective.
All of the following statements about constitutions are true, except: a. constitutions are a system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribe the nature, functions, and limits of a government or other body. b. constitutions are distinguished from ordinary acts of legislation, in that they are drafted by specialassemblages and ratified by special conventions chosen by the people
c. constitutions are supreme law and, therefore, can be annulled only by legislation. d. constitutionalism is one of the most original, distinctive contributions of the American system ofgovernment.