The nurse is collecting data for a cardiac patient to detect a pericardial friction rub. Which of the following actions will help the nurse in gathering this data during auscultation? (Select all that apply.)
a. Have the patient deep breathe as listening.
b. Have the patient sit up.
c. Listen to the posterior of the chest.
d. Have the patient lean forward.
e. Have the patient lie flat.
f. Instruct patient to hold breath as listening.
ANS: B, D
Have the patient sit up and lean forward to bring the heart closer to the chest wall.
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