After ATP donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction, then it becomes ADP. The ADP
A. can be converted in an exergonic reaction to form ATP.
B. is a waste product that will be broken down.
C. will be reduced to AMP amd eliminated from the cell.
D. can be destroyed by an ATPase enzyme.
E. can be recharged in an endergonic reaction to form ATP.
Answer: E. can be recharged in an endergonic reaction to form ATP.
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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transformed from one state to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. Taking this into consideration, what can be said about the energy transferred between levels in a trophic pyramid?
A. Some of the energy in a trophic level is converted to heat and is unavailable to the next level. B. All the energy is transferred between trophic levels because components that have no energy, that is, light, are used to create the energy in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates. C. All the energy necessary for a trophic level is transferred. Because there is less biomass at each trophic level, less energy needs to be transferred. D. Some of the energy is held in one trophic level, and only the energy needed to support the smaller biomass at a higher level is transferred. E. Organisms at higher trophic levels only consume the energy they need from lower trophic levels, leaving a "bank" of energy to support the higher level when food is scarce.
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli characteristics include all of the following except that it
A. is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated, undercooked food, especially hamburger. B. in some cases, leads to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with possible kidney failure C. causes a bloody diarrhea. D. has a reservoir inside of cattle intestines. E. only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
Thinking about the wavelength of light compared to its energy, which of these portions of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest amount of energy?
A. orange light, at 640 nm B. green light, at 510 nm C. ultraviolet light, at 330 nm D. yellow light, at 590 nm E. blue-green light, at 450 nm
During an allergic reaction, IgE antibodies bind to ____
a. B cells b. T cells c. plasma cells d. mast cells e. neutrophils