A researcher examining academic performance among high school students demonstrates that there is a strong positive correlation between students' community involvement and their grade point averages. Does this correlation demonstrate that increasing community involvement will increase grade point averages?
A. Yes, because strong positive correlations demonstrate causal relationships.
B. Yes, because grade point averages are strongly correlated with academic performance.
C. No, because a negative correlation would have demonstrated that increasing community involvement will increase grade point averages.
D. No, because the findings do not rule out the possibility that a third factor could affect community involvement and grade point averages.
Answer: D
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Which of the following statements about family factors and moral learning is FALSE?
A) Young children who are emotionally dependent on their parents tend to develop weak consciences. B) Fathers who push their children's thinking by challenging their reasoning have adolescents who are more morally advanced than their peers. C) The discipline technique of induction has a more positive effect on adolescents' moral development than does power assertion. D) Adolescents are more likely than children to be affected by parental hypocrisy.
Which of the following do psychoanalytic and most learning theories have in common?
A) They both believe that nurture has the largest impact on development. B) They are both stability theories. C) They both believe that we are passive recipients of environmental influences. D) They both believe that we are active in shaping our own development.
When Keiko was a young girl, her mother, Honami taught her to cook by mixing handfuls, sprinkles, and splashes of ingredients. Now Keiko cooks using recipes in which foods are measured precisely. How do Honami's and Keiko's approaches to cooking differ?
A. Honami uses algorithms; Keiko uses heuristics. B. Keiko uses algorithms; Honami uses heuristics. C. Keiko uses intuition; Honami uses algorithms. D. Honami uses exemplars; Keiko uses prototypes.
Gwyneth loves to drive at high speed with a carload of her friends. Although her parents have warned her about the danger of doing this, she feels that nothing bad will happen to her. Accidents and crashes are things that only happen to other people. Gwyneth's belief in her own invulnerability is part of her
A) imaginary audience. B) personal fable. C) mutual role-taking. D) social cognition.