A specific disease process is a major cause of CKD and ESRD. It is a disease that develops usually after prolonged hypertension and diabetes. What disease process is this?
A) Azotemia
B) Nephrosclerosis
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Nephritic syndrome
Ans: B
Feedback: Nephrosclerosis (hardening of the renal arteries) is most often due to prolonged hypertension and diabetes. Nephrosclerosis is a major cause of CKD and ESRD secondary to many disorders. There are two forms of nephrosclerosis: malignant (accelerated) and benign. Malignant nephrosclerosis is often associated with significant hypertension (diastolic blood pressure higher than 130 mm Hg). It usually occurs in young adults and twice as often in men compared to women. Azotemia is an abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood. Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomerular capillaries that can occur in acute and chronic forms. Acute nephritic syndrome is the clinical manifestation of glomerular inflammation.
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