A nurse leader seeks input from staff nurses on a regular basis and allows for changes in practice to improve client outcomes with minimal barriers. Which of the following best describes what has occurred?
a. Decision making
b. Critical thinking
c. Empowerment
d. Delegation
ANS: C
Empowerment includes increasing nurses' authority by ensuring that they have the necessary knowledge, skills, and resources to effectively make the decisions for which they are held ac-countable. This means removing barriers to decision making and allowing staff nurses the author-ity to make client decisions in "real time," as needs demand, rather than requiring nurses to obtain numerous approvals. Decision making is a two-step process in which the nurse first must decide how much input to seek from others and second must generate alternatives for the decision and choose among the alternatives. Critical thinking includes analyzing and synthesizing data, using knowledge and values in making judgments, and using creative approaches in decision making and problem solving. Delegation is used when appropriate tasks are assigned to the first level in the hierarchy if this employee possesses the necessary skills and knowledge to complete the task.
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