Which were the strongest monarchies in medieval Europe, and which were the weakest? What accounts for their strength or weakness?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
a. The factors that made France and England strong monarchies were political unity, popular acceptance of royal sovereignty, effective border control, an efficient bureaucracy, and commitment to the rule of law.
b. In France, the baillis staffed the royal bureaucracy, which strengthened the monarchy's control of the country. The introduction of a system of judicial appeals promoted the rule of law.
c. In England, political unity was achieved under William I the Conqueror, who created a hierarchy of nobles personally loyal to him. Later English kings would implement judicial reforms that would have a lasting effect (for example, the grand jury system and trial by jury).
d. Internal divisions weakened the Holy Roman Empire, which comprised Germany and northern Italy.
e. Germany was made up of different ethnic groups and controlled by powerful dukes who assumed the role of imperial vassals. The Holy Roman Emperor's control over his vassals was weak.
f. The Holy Roman Empire had to use the military to maintain its hold on Italy.
g. The lack of support and the ineffectiveness of judicial reforms hindered the ability of the Holy Roman Empire to create a centralized monarchy.
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Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities
a. exposed the United States Senate as a millionaires' club. b. exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas. c. uncovered the corruption and collusion between municipal government and the Standard Oil Company. d. uncovered official collusion in prostitution and white slavery. e. unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.
Which of the following was true of early white abolitionists in the North?
A) They advocated racial integration. B) They did very little to promote abolition in the South. C) They favored immediate emancipation. D) They argued in favor of equal rights for African Americans.
Germany and Russia were not invited to be members of the League of Nations.
a. true b. false
One of the sources of income for the Quraysh tribe was the
A) income from pilgrims visiting the Ka?ba. B) sale of tobacco products. C) provision of mercenaries and bodyguards. D) production of fine steel blades. E) creation of woolen products.