Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:
a. calcium is lost in the urine.
b. osteoblast activity is excessive.
c. the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D.
d. autoantibodies to calcium molecules de-velop.
ANS: C
Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis of 1,25 - dihydroxy-vitamin D3. The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures. Calcium is not lost in the urine. Osteoblast activity is not accelerated. Antibodies do not develop.
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