Which of the following statements accurately describes potential biologic influences on the development of mental illness in children?
A) An infant with a difficult temperament is thought to be at risk for later maladjustment.
B) Development of the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which plays a role in the inhibition of impulses, is usually complete by 15 years of age in girls and 18 years of age in boys.
C) The likelihood of a child developing a mood disorder when one parent suffers from depression is nearly 100%.
D) No demonstrable brain abnormalities are evident in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Ans: A
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The child's temperament, which is thought to be at least partly determined genetically, plays a role in whether he or she is at risk for maladjustment. An infant with a difficult temperament may be at risk for future maladjustment. It is important to remember, however, that responses from caregivers and others to the infant can modify the risk. Negative responses to an infant with a difficult temperament increase the risk for maladjustment. Brain development is not complete until age 20. Genetic factors are significant in the etiology of mental health disorders, but a parent's illness does not guarantee a child's later illness.
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