What two mechanisms prevent the backflow of urine into the ureters?
What will be an ideal response?
Ureters enter the bladder at an angle such that as the bladder contracts, the muscles of the bladder compress the ureters like a one-way valve. Second, the ureteral openings in the bladder are partially covered by folds of mucosa that also help prevent the retrograde flow of urine.
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In the critical care unit, a patient is experiencing multifocal premature ventricular contractions. The nurse administers a lidocaine bolus without the direct supervision of the physician. This is a legal based upon
A) autonomy. B) knowledge. C) experience. D) protocol.
The immune system is activated and either a cellular or a humeral response occurs. What triggers a cellular response?
A) Herpes simplex B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa D) Beta hemolytic strep
A client's right atrial pressure is measured as being 6 mmHg. The nurse would document which of the following regarding this client's pressure?
1. Right arterial pressure within normal limits 2. Right arterial pressure below normal limits 3. Right arterial pressure above normal limits 4. Right arterial pressure unable to obtain
In a double-blind clinical trial, neither patients nor clinicians know who is receiving a drug or a placebo.
a. true b. false