___ cells are required for almost all parts of the innate and adaptive immune responses to function properly.
What will be an ideal response?
TH
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Sickle-cell anemia is caused by ____
a. an RNA error b. expansion mutation c. deletion mutation d. fragile X syndrome e. a base-pair substitution mutation
Expressed sequence tags, or ESTs,
A) are genetic markers generated from cDNA. B) pertain to expressed genes only. C) are oligonucleotides derived from mRNA. D) A and C only E) All of these
Bacteria methylate their DNA in order to:
a. prepare for DNA replication. b. prepare for mitosis. c. effectively infect other cells. d. protect it from restriction enzymes. e. prevent viral DNA from hybridizing with bacterial DNA.
Fimbriae, which is a virulence factor causes which of the following consequences?
A. Phagocytic escape B. Activation of cytokine production C. Attachment to host cell D. Invasion of host tissues E. Activation of adenylate cyclase