Why is the punishment of a status offense considered cruel and usual?
a. It involves punishment for a condition or characteristic that may not be translated into socially harmful acts.
b. It violates due process.
c. It is only considered cruel and unusual in the case of alcohol and drug users.
d. It is never cruel and unusual.
a. It involves punishment for a condition or characteristic that may not be translated into socially harmful acts.
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Which racial group was said to harbor increased fears of attacks at school in 2009?
a. Whites b. Hispanics c. Blacks d. Asian
The concept of target hardening is intended to accomplish which of the following?
a. Creating better “blast walls” on buildings and other installations b. Deterring would-be terrorists from selecting hardened facilities as targets c. Securing the nation’s borders d. Creating long-term solutions for ending terrorist environments
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. There are two possible types of parole violations that can be committed: technical and substantive. 2. The U.S. Supreme Court case Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) held that probationers facing violation proceedings are entitled to certain due process protections. 3. Victims of crime are among the most important groups of individuals the parole board hears when making a parole determination. 4. Probation and parole officers perform very similar functions and in some cases combined as single departments in many jurisdictions. 5. Probation and parole officers have very clear distinctions in their roles and functions and experience less stress than other professionals working in the criminal justice system.
Inner ________ such as a positive self-image and a tolerance for frustration help prevent individuals from committing crimes and engaging in deviant behavior
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).