Why, according to Lin, is conflict termination particularly difficult in cyber conflict?
a. It is unclear when your opponent ceases operations.
b. Once in place, many cyber attacks cannot be stopped.
c. Signaling is impossible in cyber conflict.
d. There are no set norms for cessation of cyber operations.
a
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A direct democracy is a system in which
- representatives meet to discuss policy and make decisions. - the masses have certain rights, but decisions are made by a council. - citizens are permitted to vote directly on laws and policies. -an elite makes decisions for the society.
Anthropogenic climate change refers to:
a. volcanic eruptions emitting excess sulfur into the atmosphere b. climate change that occurred during the Anthropocene c. human induced climate change due to excess emissions of greenhouse gases d. natural occurring climate change due to the earth’s cycles
In the United States, younger people participate in elections less than middle-aged individuals
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
According to the authors of the textbook, the key advantages of the “political specialization view” of modern democracy include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. it is reasonably stable b. it responds to changes of issues and candidates c. the electorate as a whole cares d. the electorate as a whole does not care so intensely that any significant portion of the citizenry will challenge the results of an election e. it protects the interests of those who are least likely to be the activist or pluralist citizens