There are eight total steps in the citric acid cycle, and pyruvate is completely oxidized in steps three
and four. What is the purpose of the last four steps that occur in the cycle?
a. to replenish the supplies of NAD+ and FAD
b. to break down glucose into a three-carbon molecule
c. to regenerate oxaloacetate to attach another acetate molecule
d. to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
e. to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
C
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Interpret the genomic content of mitochondria in relation to their evolution. How is mitochondrial evolution more complicated than expected?
What will be an ideal response?
Enzymes present in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus are responsible for modifying proteins and lipids. What is the likely origin of these enzymes?
A. free ribosomes B. the rough endoplasmic reticulum C. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. the cytosol
The deposits of the following phytoplankton are used commercially in polishes and filtering devices:
a. dinoflagellates. b. foraminiferans. c. coccolithophores. d. diatoms. e. radiolarians.
As elevation increases, the number of terrestrial species ________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word