Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)

1. In the vertebral column, there are 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused sacral vertebrae, and 3-5 fused coccygeal vertebra to make an average total of 33 vertebrae in an older adult.

2. Thoracic vertebrae have holes in their transverse processes known as transverse foramina for the passage of blood vessels.

3. Ribs 8-12 are considered false ribs because they do not directly attach to the sternum by their own cartilage. Instead, the costal cartilage of ribs 8-10 attach to the cartilage of the seventh rib.


1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE

Anatomy & Physiology

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Approximately 10-15 percent of the circulating lymphocytes are

A) B cells. B) NK cells. C) T cells. D) macrophages. E) None of the answers are correct.

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The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the ________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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At the ankle, the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Why is the optic disc sometimes called the blind spot of the eye?

A. There are no blood vessels there. B. There are no nerve fibers there. C. There are rods there, but no cones, so color vision is not possible in that area. D. There are no rods and cones there. E. There are cones there, but no rods, so black and white vision is not possible in that area.

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