Assess the contributions of REM and non-REM sleep to learning.
What will be an ideal response?
Much research has shown that both REM and non-REM sleep are involved in learning. REM sleep increases after learning, depriving someone of REM sleep results in reduced memory, and during REM, the brain activity from learning is replayed and synchronized with spontaneous theta rhythm in the hippocampus, suggestive of memory consolidation. Non-REM sleep amount is also related to learning, and the ripples of activity generated by the hippocampus during non-REM sleep both activate the default mode network and are positively related to memory consolidation. Furthermore, according to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, ripples, slow waves, and sleep spindles all help to prune unneeded connections in the brain while we sleep.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HPA axis? a. The hippocampus secretes corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
b. CRF stimulates the thyroid gland. c. The pituitary gland (via the parasympathetic nervous system) activates the adrenal glands. d. The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.
Research on older individuals who engage in strength training indicates that
A. individuals over 50 should not initiate a strength training program B. senior citizens can show improvement in strength C. senior citizens who take medication for hypertension should not engage in strength training programs D. none of the selections is correct
According to recent demographic data, __________ of current clinical psychologists are women
a. a small minority (fewer than 10%) b. about a third c. about half d. a large majority
Your neighbor has a 5-year-old son. He has been taking him to story time at the library, but his son is having a very difficult time sitting still even for ten minutes
What would you tell him about his son's brain development? He should be able to sit through the entire story time once what brain structure develops more fully? a. reticular formation b. hippocampus c. corpus callosum d. cerebellum