An important function of a rigorous research design in a quantitative study is to have control over which of the following?
A) Outcome variables
B) Mediating variables
C) Carryover variables
D) Confounding variables
D
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Key criteria for inferring causality include: (1) a cause (independent variable) must precede an effect (outcome); (2) there must be a detectable relationship between a cause and an effect (mediating); and (3) the relationship between the two does not reflect the influence of a third (confounding) variable. A crossover design has the advantage of ensuring the highest possible equivalence among the people exposed to different conditions. Such designs are inappropriate for certain research questions, however, because of possible carryover effects. Outcome variables are not to be controlled but are the effect that is under study. Mediating variables are those through which another variable has an effect on the outcome variable. They do not need to be controlled.
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Death of heart muscle cells is called ____________________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).